KYOTO
         
HORIKAWA
          HORIKAWA-DEN
         
MISHINA
          MORIOKA
OSAKA
          
KUNISADA

            KUNISUKE

           TSUDA
           OSAKA TAMBA
            HIDARE MUTSU 
            IKKANSHI TADATSUNA
            OSAKA ISHIDO
            TAKAI
            OZAKI
             GASSAN
© Copyright Robert Cole 2015 - No copying or distributing Echizen Shimosaka
Shimosaka - Yasutsugu











ECHIZEN PROVINCE  KEI-CHO 1596
            |_____________
______|______               |     
SHIMOSAKA       ____|_____                        YAMASHIRO KUNIHIRO        KANENORI
YASUTSUGU       SADAKUNI                     ______|_____        ____|_____                  | (Ho)
______|______      ____|______                     
SHIGETAKA     KUNIKIYO                  |
YASUTSUGU       SADAKUNI                     _____|______      _____|_____                  |
            |___________________________       SHIKETAKA     KUNIKIYO                  |
______|__________    _______________|______                       _____|_____                  |
EDO YASUTSUGU  ECHIZEN YASUTSUGU(3)                   KUNIKIYO                 |
                                                                                                       _____|_____                  |
_____|______                                                                                KUNIKIYO                  |
MASANORI  GEN-WA 1615                                                                    ____________|
          |_____________ ______________                                         _____|_____    _____|_____
_____|______   ______|______   ______|______                             KANETANE KANENORI
MASANORI   MASAKATSU   KUNITSUGU                                       |              _____|_____
                                                                  ____________  ____________ |              KANENORI

________________                       _____|____     ______|_____   ______|_____
SEKI KANENORI  (Soku)        HIROTAKA   KUNITSUNA  KANETANE
   KANEHIRO
_____|______                                      ______________________
SHIGETAKA(1) KAN-EI 1624        ECHIZEN KANETSUGU KAN-BUN 1661
_____|______                                                         ______|_____
SHIGETAKA(2) KAN-BUN 1661                       KANENORI tEN-WA 1681



Reproduced from Fuyjishiro Shinto-Hen
All rights reserved by Fujishiro

ECHIZEN     ECHIZEN - MUSASHI Group

ECHIZEN: ITAME HADA.              
SUGU-KUZURE BA,  SUGUHA  with HOTSURE strays
and YO,  CHOJI-MIDARE,  HITATSURA, some
SANBONSUGI-like forms,  O-NOTARE of GUNOME-
MIDARE, and evenly spaced ASAKI-NOTARE.
(see AOI SHIMOSAKA YASUTSUGU - EDO)

ECHIZEN SHIMOSAKA School:
The Three HIGO-DAIJOs
      SHIMOSAKA - SADAKUNI - KANENORI
SHIMOSAKA(3) becomes ECHIZEN YASUTSUGU(3),
carrying the School into the Future

SHIGETAKA(1) KAN-EI: (t: KANENORI): Originally from IIDA in

    OMOTE: HIRAMA DAIJO FUJIWARA SHIGETAKA
          URA: ECHIZEN JU

SHIGETAKA(2) KAN-BUN: Made standing MOKUME. Mixes of GUNOME-
   MEI: ECHIZEN JU HIRAMA DAIJO FUJIWARA SHIGETAKA


SHIMOSAKA KEICHO (f: HIRONAGA): From OSHU SHIGA KORI. YUKI
      HIDEYASU, TOKUGAWA IYEYASUs' son, went with HIDEYOSHI to KOREA at
      16. Sided with his father for SEKIGAHARA and took over ECHIZEN. He funded
      an ECHIZEN  sword smithy for SHIMOSAKA under patronage of HONDA
      NARISHIGE. They put 40 KOKU together for him. SHIMOSAKA received the
      shared title of HIGO DAIJO, which his main group used and bannered together.
      HIDEYASU dropped his prior name of YUKI but retained his MATSUDAIRA. In
      1607, 33 year old HIDEYASU died. IYEYASU then brought his son's sword smith
      into the TOKUGAWA BAKUFU stable, awarding him the "YASU" character from
      their name, HIDEYASU and IYEYASU and the TOKUGAWA AOI MON.

      From this time, SHIMOSAKA(1) becomes YASUTSUGU and lives two years at a
      time alternating between ECHIZEN and EDO.  See AOI SHIMOSAKA - EDO.

    ECHIZEN JU SHIMOSAKA
   
HIGO DAIJO FUJIWARA SHIMOSAKA
   
OITE BUSHU EDO ECHIZEN SHIMOSAKA

Yasutsugu(3) Kan-Bun 1661:
Founder of the Echizen Yasutsugu line.
     
Shimosaka Shirouemon or Ichiuemon. 3rd brother of the First
      Generation Yasutsugu. At the death of the second generation
      Yasutsugu in Edo, he received, at the Echizen Mansion, the
      appointment of inheritance of Yasutsugu and became Echizen
      Yasutsugu, then to be called the 3rd Yasutsugu, following the
      second generation.

      Yasutsugu 3rd Generation is the founder of the Echizen Yasutsugu
      Family. The son of the Second Yasutsugu received the 3rd Musashi
      Yasutsugu and continued the Edo branch. This is how the two
      branches came in to being.

      His work-period spans Kanbun 1661 to Enpo 1679. He died on the
      first day of the year Shogatsu, Tenwa 1681.

      Many of his swords are in the style of the first Yasutsugu and the
      second Yasutsugu.

      There is discussion of the exact way he signed his "Yasu" and his
      "Tsugu" in relation with the other Yasutsugu and how each had
      their own particular method of placing the strokes of the characters.
      See chart above.
    Yasutsugu Oite Echizen Saku Kore

The 4th Generation Echizen Yasutsugu, Yoshirokichinosuke, worked
in the Genroku 1688.
The 5th Generation, Takeuemon Kyoho 1716, the 6th Generation,
Takeuemon, Horeki 1751, 7th Generation, Shirouemon, Kansei 1789,
8th Generation, Ichizaemon, Bunka 1804,
9th Generation, Ichinojo, Bunkyu1861.

KANENORI(2) KEI-CHO (f: SANAMI KANENORI): KANE form: SOKU. SANAMI
      Group roots. Works into the SHINTO with SEKI style.
    ECHIZENnoKUNI JU KANENORI
    ECHIZEN ICHIJO JU KANENORI

KANTANE(1) KEI-CHO: Priest of the HO KANENORI Group, name: DOHON.
       ICHIJO JU. He passes away in 1637 at 68 years.  MOKUME HADA. 
       NOTARE with GUNOME-CHOJI BA also HIRO-SUGUHA. ASHI.
       RYO-WAZAMONO.
    ECHIZEN JU KANETANE
    ECHIZENnoKUNI KITA-SHO JU KANETANE

KANETANE(2) KAN-EI 1624 to EDO.
KANETANE(3) EN-PO 1673 - Awarded HITACHInoKAMI tile.
KANETANE(4) GEN-ROKU 1688

KANENORI GEN-WA (f: KANENORI(2): SAKUBE. Work from GEN-WA to
      the KAN-BUN. He leaves for TOYAMA in ETCHU in KAN-EI and then on to
      TANNOMIYA in KAGA. See KAGA.

KANENORI SHO-O: KICHIZAEMON. Work to EN-PO 1673 time.

KANENORI(3) KEI-CHO (t: KANENORI(2): Moved from GOSHU SHIMOSAKA to
       ECHIZEN.  Became of the Three HIGO DAIJO smith partners. Made SHINOGI
      TSUKURI, with elongated CHU-KISSAKI.
      ITAME MOKUME mix. His will have JI-NIE and CHIKEI.
      KO-NIE DEKI ASAKI-NOTARE of KO-GUNOME BA where SUNAGASHI 
      rises in the mid. SUGU KO-MARU BOSHI or MIDARE-KOMI with
      HAKIKAKE.      
  ECHIZEN-no-KUNI JU KANENORI
  ECHIZEN-no-KUNI JU HIGO DAIJO FUJIWARA KANENORI

KANENORI TEN-WA (t: KANETSUGU): KANE form: KIN "Gold". KO-ITAME  
         HADA. KO-NIE DEKI SUGUHA and KO-NOTARE BA. ASAKI-NOTARE.
         KO-MARU with long KAERI.
    ECHIZENnoKUNI  JU KANENORI

KANEMASA EN-PO (f: 5th MINO HO KANENORI): HATTORI KICHIBE. HIKONE,
         residence of the Ii Daimyo. Works between ECHIZEN and EDO, part of the
         gang.
         SHINOGI-TSUKURI, IHORI-MUNE, CHU-KISSAKI. KO-ITAME HADA has
         JI-NIE. KO-NIE DEKI GUNOME-MIDARE has SUGU YAKIDASHI.
    SHIMOSA DAIJO FUJIWARA  KANEMASA
    SHIMOSA DAIJO FUJIWARA KANEMASA - ECHIZEN JU
    ECHIZEN SHIMOSA DAIJO FUJIWARA KANEMASA HIKONE JU

KANEMASA(2) KYO-HO 1716: SOSUKE. Also making swords in HIKONE, OMI.

KANENAKA TEN-WA: Moved to EDO and made swords. His work resembles
        HIRAMA DAIJO SHIGETAKA. GUNOME-MIDARE BA. 
       
Also used: NAKA form: CHU with NIMBEN left stroke. WAZAMONO.
    KANENAKA
    YAMAMOTO MUSASHInoKAMI FUJIWARA KANENAKA
    MUSASHInoKAMI FUJIWARA KANENAKA - ECHIZEN JU

Shimosaka

Higo Daijo Fujiwara Shimosaka
Echizen Ju





Shimosaka Dambira
Nagasa: 14 5/8"

Very Strong Hira-tsukuri, Ihori-Mune elongated Dambira.
Swirling O-Itame Hada with Jinie and Mura-Jinie
Hori: Dragon on Vajra Ken in a frame
Ura:
Hachiman Daibosatsu and Vajra Suken.

Nioi-Fukashi and Nie Fukai Soshu style Sunagashi O-Midare Ba.
Jigane has Nie and Mura-Nie, dense and bright.

Saagari Boshi, Ko-Maru to long Kaeri with Hakikake and streaming Kinsuji.
Strong Ubu Kengyo Nakago - deeply placed KiriYasuri.























Sadakuni Tanto
Nagasa: 9 Sun (27.27cm)
Moto-Haba: 8 Bu 4 Rin (2.55cm)
Nakago: 3 Sun 6 Bu (10.91cm)

Tanaka Aisaku Family Possession
Hira-Tsukuri, Mitsu-Mune, very shallow curve with full Fukura.
Omote: Fudo Bishamon and Fukurokuju, framed.
Ura: Kurikara and Vajra Ken.
Running Ko-Itame Hada has Chikei.
Suguha with Gunome Ashi, Nie and Sunagashi.
Notare-Komi Boshi has Ko-Maru and Hakikake.
Ubu Kengyo Nakago has one Mekugi-ana.

Higo Daijo Fujiwara Sadakuni
Keicho Ju Yonnen Hachi Gatsu Hi
























Juyo Bijutsu-Hin
Sadakuni Katakiriba Tanto
Nagasa: 21 Shaku (30.3cm)
Moto-Haba: 9 Bu 2 Rin (2.79cm)
Nakago: 3 Sun 2 Bu (10.91cm)


Inada Yoshitsugi Family Possession
Katakiriba-Tsukuri, Mitsu-Mune.
Running Ko-Itame Hada has J-Nie.
Asaki-Notare holds Gunome with Ashi in Nioi-Fukasji and Ko-Nie.
Sunagashi and Kinsuji vie in the Habuchi.
Notare-Komi Boshi has Togari and long fall.

Ubu Yamagata Nakago has two Mekugi-ana.

Higo Daijo Sadakuni























Juyo Bijutsu-Hin
Kanenori Katana
Nagasa: 2 Shaku 2 Sun 9 Bu (69.39cm)
Moto-Haba: 1 Sun 5 Rin (3.18cm)
Nakago: 6 Sun 1 Bu (18.5cm)


Arase Hidekazu Family Possession

Shinogi-Tsukuri, Ihori-Mune, Sakizori to broad Chu-Kissaki.
Futatsu Hi both sides.
Ko-Itame Mokume mix has thick Ji-Nie.
A gentle Asaki-Notare holds Ko-Gunome with Togari and Ko-Ashi. There is Sunagashi and Ko-Nie.
Omote Boshi is Sugu Ko-Maru with Hakikake while Ura is Midare-Komi with Hakikake. Long Kaeri.

Ubu Yamagata Nakago has one Mekugi-ana.

    Echizen Ju Higo Daijo Fujiwara Kanenori























Masanori Katakiriba
Nagasa: 2 Shaku 4 Sun 1 Bu (73.02cm)
Moto-Haba: 1 Sun 1 Bu (3.33cm)
Nakago: 5 Sun 6 Bu (16.97cm)


Ichikawa Fumio Family Possession
Katakiriba-Tsukuri, Shinogi-Tsukuri, Sakizori to O-Kissaki.
Bo-Hi both sides
Omote: Vajra Suken.
Ura: Hi on Shinogi to Tsume Claw..
Running and strong Itame Hada has Ji-Nie.
O-Midare Ba in clear Nioi-Fukashi and Mura-Nie with Ashi, Yo and Sunagashi.
Midare-Komi Boshi has Togari and Hakikake falling into a deep Kaeri. 

Ubu yamagata Nakago has one Mekugi-ana.
    Yamato Daijo Fujiwara Masanori


























Kanetane Katana
Nagasa: 2 Shaku 4 Sun 8 Bu (75.14cm)
Moto-Haba: 1 Sun (3.03cm)
Nakago: 6 Sun 1 Bu (18.48cm)


Ishikawa Seiroku Family Possession
Shinogi-Tsukuri, Ihori-Mune, Sakizori, elongated O-Kissaki.
Omote: Kurikara and Vajra Ken in a frame.
Ura: Bonji and Gomabashi
Itame Mokume mix has Ji-Nie.
Long, gentle Asaki-Notare holds Ko-Gunome-Midare with KoAshi. In tight Nioi and Ko-Nie.
Midare-Komi Boshi has Ko-Maru.

Ubu Haagari Kurijiri Nakago has two Mekugi-ana, one filled.
    Echizen-no-Kuni Ju Kanetane


























Kanetane Katana
Nagasa: 2 Shaku 4 Sun 4 Bu (73.97cm)
Moto-Haba: 1 Sun 5 Rin (3.18cm)
Nakago: 6 Sun 3 Bu (19.09cm)


Shindo Kosaburo Family Possession
Shinogi-Tsukuri, Ihori-Mune, wide blade, Sakizori, Chu-Kissaki.
Ko-Itame Hada has Ji-Nie.
Ko-Notare holds an exuberant Gunome-Midare in the upper with Togari and many Tobi-Yaki.
There is Ashi and Hakikake. Nie becomes Ara and Sunagashi sweeps through figures.
Midare-Komi Boshi has Ko-Maru.

Ubu Kengyo Nakago has one Mekugi-ana.
Echizen-no-Kuni Hokusho Ju Kanetane







Sotheby's
Kunitsuna Kanbun Daito
Nagasa: 62.3cm

Shinogi-Tsukuri, Ihori-Mune Chu-Kissaki.
Mokume Hada with Ji-Nie.
Suguha of gentle Asaki-Notare. Some Hotsure-like Tobi and Sunagashi.
Sugu Saagari O-Maru Boshi.
Suriage Nakago has two Mekugi-ana.

     Ura: Echizen Ju
 Omote:
Sagami-no-Kami Fujiwara Kunitsuna
























Kanenori Katana
Nagasa: 2 Shaku 6 Sun 2 Bu (79.4cm)
Moto-Haba: 1 Sun 1 Bu (3.33cm)
Nakago: 6 Sun 2 Bu (18.79cm)


Yagi Masakazu Family Possession
Shinogi-Tsukuri, Ihori-Mune, wide blade,  shallow Sori to strong Chu-Kissaki
Running, well-knit Ko-Itame Hada has Ji-Nie. Masame in the Shinogi-Ji.
Gunome-Midare Ba with Yo pushes an uneven Notare-Midare Hamon high in the Ji.
Tobi-Yaki dot through the upper.
Hiro-Sugu Sa-agari Maru Boshi with deep fall.

Ubu Kurijiri Nakago has one Mekugi-ana.
   Echizen Ju Kanenori

Chikugo-no-Kami Kanenori
Chikugo-no-Kami Kanenori
Chikugo-no-Kami Fujiwara Kanenori - Kanbun - Ubu























Echizen Yasutsugu
2 Shaku 2 Sun 8 Bu (Nagasa: 69.1cm)
Motohaba: 2.7cm
Sori 1.5cm

Echizen Yasutsugu - The 3rd Master
The Ji-tetsu is a well-knit Mokume Hada. Masame in the Shinogi-Ji. 

Chu-width Midare Ba of an undulating Ko-Notare line, very evenly set.
Kinsuji and Sunagashi appears through a Habuchi of swept Hotsure where Nie and Ji-nie Jiba create Niju lines running in the Ji.
This is the Soshu style for which Yasutsugu is famous.

Round Sagari Maru Boshi of Ko-nie Hakikake.

Nakago is Ubu, with Machi-Okuri. There are two Mekugi-ana, one filled.
(Aoi Mon)
Yasutsugu Oite Echizen Saku Kore

The "Kore" is stylized at the Jiri to appear both as a Lotus and as a Vajra sword-handle.

 











































Courtesy and Permissions Dr Tokuno Kazuo

Kanenori
2 Shaku 2 Sun 5 Bu (Nagasa: 68.2cm)
Motohaba: 1 Sun 7 Rin (3.24cm)
Nakago: 5 Sun 2 Bu 5 Rin (15.8cm)


Shinogi-Tsukuri, Ihori-Mune, Mihaba is wide, to Chu-Kissaki.
Itame Mokume Hada has Ji-Nie and Chikei. Shirake cast.
Ko-Notare variation of mounded Gunome-Midare Togari Ba with some Ashi and Yo in tight Nioi and Ko-Nie.
Overall impression achieves a powerful balance. Hamon widens at the Kissaki.
Gunome Saagari Ko-Maru Boshi has short Kaeri.

Ubu Kurijiri Nakago has one Mekugi-ana.
   Kanenori Saku
   Bunroku Yonnen Hachi Gatsu Kichi Nichi
- 1595

























Juyo Bijutsu-Hin
Kunikiyo Ura-Mei
Nagasa: 2 Shaku 4 Sun 2 Bu (69.78cm)
Moto-Haba: 9 Bu 8 Rin (2.74cm)
Nakago: 7 Sun (21.02cm)


Nishimoto Chikamori Family Possession
Shinogi-Tsukuri, Ihori-Mune, Chu-Kissaki.
Omote: Fudo
Ura: Kurikara and Vajra Ken
Itame Hada has Ji-Nie. Masame in the Shinogi-Ji.
Notare Gunome mix with Ashi in Nioi-Fukashi and Ko-Nie.
Saagari Maru Boshi has Hakikake and Kinsuji.

Ubu Kurijiri Nakago has one Mekugi-ana.
(Kiku Mon) Yamashiro-no-Kami Fujiwara Kunikiyo
Kitae Namban Tetsu To Kore
                             Kanei Niju Ichinen ni Gatsu Hi


























Kunikiyo Ura-Mei
Nagasa: 2 Shaku 8 Sun 7 Bu (90.9cm)
Moto-Haba: 1 Sun 1 Bu 6 Rin (3.51cm)
Nakago: 7 Sun 6 Bu (23.03cm)


Sato Kanji  Family Possession
Shinogi-Tsukuri, Ihori-Mune, Chu-Kissaki.
Omote: Kurikara and Suken
Ura: Bonji and Sea Snake
Strongly standing and knit Ko-Itame Hada has Ji-Nie. Dark steel.
Chu-width Ko-Notare holds Ko-Gunome-Midare with Ashi.
Several O-Midare swells rise high to the Shinogi. Sunagashi sweeps Nijuba into figures.
Midare-Komi O-Maru Boshi has Hakikake.

Ubu Kurijiri Nakago has two Mekugi-ana.

(Kiku Mon)
Yamashiro-no-Kami Fujiwara Kunikiyo
               Kitae Namban Tetsu To Kore
Kinzogan: Kanbun Yonnen Ku Gatsu Misoka
              Futatsu Do Saidan - Yamano Kauemon Nagahisa (Kao)


























Courtesy and Permissions Dr Tokuno Kazuo

Kichiuemon Kunikiyo Ura-Mei
Nagasa: 2 Shaku (60.6cm)
Moto-Haba: 1 Sun (3.07cm)
Nakago: 5 Sun 5 Rin (15.3cm)


Shinogi-Tsukuri, Ihori-Mune, Chu-Kissaki.
Tachi-Ura: To-Hi with Kurikara and Vajra Ken, carved.
Tachi-Omote: Bonji and Suken.
Itame with Mokume Hada has Ji-Nie and Chikei.
Ko-Notare has Ko-Gunome with Togari with Saka-Ashi defining in Nioi-Fukashi and Ko-Nie with Kinsuji.
Chu-Sugu Ko-Maru Boshi
that is somewhat low - Saagari.
Ubu Kurijiri Nakago has one Mekugi-ana.
(Kiku Mon) Yamashiro-no-Kami Fujiwara Kunikiyo


























Kunikiyo Ura-Mei
Nagasa: 2 Shaku 3 Sun 5 Bu 5 Rin (71.36cm)
Moto-Haba: 1 Sun (3.03cm)
Nakago: 6 Sun 7 Bu (20.3cm)


Kawase Saichi Family Possession
Shinogi-Tsukuri, Ihori-Mune, Chu-Kissaki.
Running and tight Ko-Itame Hada has Ji-Nie. Masame in the Shinogi-Ji.
Chu-Suguha in Nioi-Fukashi and Ko-Nie with Kinsuji. KuichigaiBa in the Monouchi.
Chu-Sugu Ko-Maru Boshi.

Ubu Kurijiri Nakago has one Mekugi-ana.
Ichi - Yamashiro-no-Kami Fujiwara Kunikiyo







































Walter Compton Collection

Sukemune (Kunikiyo)
Nagasa: 1 Shaku 8 Sun 3 Bu (55.6cm)

Running Itame Hada has Masame in the Shinogi-Ji. Ji-Nie.
Chu-width Asaki-Notare where Sunagashi runs throughout.
Chu-Sugu Boshi of Hataraki has Togari turn and medium Kaeri.
Ubu Kurijiri Nakago has one Mekugi-ana and signed Ura-Mei:

   Oite Namban Tetsu Esshu Sukemune

























Shigetaka
Nagasa: 2 Shaku 2 Sun 8 Bu 5 Rin (69.1cm)
Moto-Haba: 9 Bu 6 Rin (2.9cm)
Nakago: 6 Sun 6 Bu 9 Rin (20.1cm)


Shinogi-Tsukuri, Ihori-Mune, Chu-Kissaki.
Running and tight Ko-Itame aw Nashiji Hada has Ji-Nie and Chikei
Gunome-Midare Ba with Ko-Gunome and Ashi and Choji-Midare with Ara-Nie. Figures are Saka, leaning.
Chu-Sugu Ko-Maru Boshi.

Ubu Kurijiri Nakago has two Mekugi-ana.
Echizen Ju Hirama Daijo Fujiwara Shigetaka










Kazusa-no-Kami Munemichi
Nagasa 2 Shaku 9 Bu

First signed Munetsugu. Shimosaka Ju. Sugatanikurouemon.
Tight and well-knit Itame Hada has Masame through the Shinogi. There is much Jinie. 

K-Nie Deki Gunome and O-Gunome-Midare with Tobi-yaki reaches over and across the Shinogi in the upper. Figures are strewn with profuse and sweeping Ko-Nie Sunagashi in which bright Kinsuji cuts Nijuba through the Yakiba. 

Saagari Chu-Maru Boshi with falling Kinsuji. 

Smooth, even patina. Machi-Okuri Ubu Kengyo Nakago with two Mekugi-ana.
 
Ura - Echizen Ju
Omote - Kazusa-no-Kami Fujiwara Munemichi







Hoki-no-Kami Hirotaka

Mei-reki 1655 time-period. He is of the Echizen-Seki line whose teacher was Kanetane from Kanenori School. He specialized in Suguha, Gunome and Notare Ba. Hirotaka held Hoki Daijo and Hoki-no-Kami titles, sometimes starting his Mei "Echizen Ju" on the Ura.

Powerful Shinogi-Tsukuri, Ihori-Mune, O-Kissaki.
Omote: Bo-Hi to Maru-Dome in the mid. Kurikara and Ken Koshibori.
Ura: Bo-Hi interrupted by sculpted Bonji in the upper and lower.
Running Itame Hada has Ji-Nie. Masame in the Shinogi-Ji.
Billowing Nioi-Deki Notare Ba has Sunagashi creating Sanjuba through the Ha.
O-Suriage Mumei Nakago has three Mekugi-ana.